WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

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William the Conqueror



The Duke of Normandy in the Bayeux Tapestry

King of the English

Reign 25 December 1066 – 9 September 1087

Coronation 25 December 1066

Predecessor Edgar Ætheling (uncrowned)

(otherwise) Harold II

Successor William II

Duke of the Normans

Reign 3 July 1035 – 9 September 1087

Predecessor Robert I the Magnificent

Successor Robert II Curthose



Spouse Matilda of Flanders

among othersIssue

Robert II, Duke of the Normans

Richard, Duke of Bernay

William II

Adela, Countess of Blois

Henry I

House Norman dynasty

Father Robert I, Duke of Normandy

Mother Herlette of Falaise

Born c. 1027[1]

Château de Falaise, Falaise, Normandy, France

Died 9 September 1087 (aged c.60)

Convent of St. Gervais, Rouen, France

Burial Saint-Étienne de Caen, France

William the Conqueror (French: Guillaume le Conquérant) (c. 1027 or 1028[1] – 9 September 1087), also known as William I of England, was the King of England from Christmas, 1066 until his death. He was also William II, Duke of Normandy, from 3 July 1035 until his death. Before his conquest of England, he was known as "William the Bastard" because of the illegitimacy of his birth.



To press his claim to the English crown, William invaded England in 1066, leading an army of Normans, Bretons, Flemish people, and Frenchmen (from Paris and Île-de-France) to victory over the English forces of King Harold Godwinson (who died in the conflict) at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest.[2]



His reign, which brought Norman-French culture to England, had an impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages. The details of that impact and the extent of the changes have been debated by scholars for over a century. In addition to the obvious change of ruler, his reign also saw a programme of building and fortification, changes to the English language, a shift in the upper levels of society and the church, and adoption of some aspects of continental church reform.

THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

The English Civil War (1642–1649) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ALL

The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–53), and then with a Protectorate (1653–59), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the





War broke out less than forty years after the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. At the accession of Charles I in 1625, England and Scotland had both experienced relative peace, both internally and in their relations with each other, for as long as anyone could remember. Charles hoped to unite the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland into a new single kingdom, fulfilling the dream of his father, James I of England (James VI of Scotland).[2] Many English Parliamentarians had suspicions regarding such a move, because they feared that setting up a new kingdom might destroy the old English traditions which had bound the English monarchy. As Charles shared his father's position on the power of the crown (James had described kings as "little Gods on Earth", chosen by God to rule in accordance with the doctrine of the "Divine Right of Kings"), the suspicions of the Parliamentarians had some justification.[3]

D-DAY

D-DAY or battle of Normandy was fought on the 6 of june 1944. It was between the Allies and the Axis BRITAIN ,AMERICA, AND CANADA WERE FIGHTING THE GERMANS OF HITLER.On that day Hitler was sleeping and the GERMANS REALLY NEEDED PANZER RESERVES AND THEY DID NOT MANAGE TO GET THEM AND BECAUSE OF THAT THE GERMANS LOST.

THE DACIAN CAMPAIN

In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians and Getae - the North-Danubian branches of the Thracians. Dacia had in the middle the Carpathian Mountains and was bounded approximately by the Danubius river, in Greek sources Istros (the Danube) or, at its greatest extent, by the Haemus Mons (the Balkan Mountains) to the south–Moesia (Dobrogea), a region south of the Danube, was a core area where the Getae lived and interacted with the Ancient Greeks–Pontus Euxinus (the Black Sea) and river Danastris, in Greek sources Tyras (the Dniester) to the east (but several Dacian settlements are recorded in part of area between Dniester and Hypanis river (the Bug), and Tisia (the Tisza) to the west (but at times included areas between Tisa and middle Danube). It thus corresponds to modern countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as smaller parts of Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Ukraine.

History of Romania



This article is part of a series

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This is some of the things Romania went through.


Prehistory

Dacia

Dacian Wars

Roman Dacia

Thraco-Roman

Early Middle Ages

Origin of the Romanians

Middle Ages

History of Transylvania

Principality of Transylvania

Foundation of Wallachia

Foundation of Moldavia

Early Modern Times

Phanariotes

Danubian Principalities

National awakening

Organic Statute

1848 Moldavian Revolution

1848 Wallachian Revolution

United Principalities

War of Independence

Kingdom of Romania

World War I

Greater Romania

World War II

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

Communist Romania

Soviet occupation

1989 Revolution

Romania since 1989






Dacians and Getae were North Thracian tribes.[1] Dacian tribes had both peaceful and military encounters with other neighboring tribes, such as Celts, Ancient Germanics, Sarmatians, and Scythians, but were most influenced by the Ancient Greeks and Romans. The latter eventually conquered, and linguistically and culturally assimilated the Dacians. A Dacian Kingdom of variable size existed between 82 B.C. until the Roman conquest in 106 A.D. The capital of Dacia, Sarmizegetusa, located in modern Romania, was destroyed by the Romans, but its name was added to that of the new city (Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa) built by the latter to serve as the capital of the

THE PELOPONESSEAN WAR

The Peloponnesian War, 431 to 404 B.C., was an ancient Greek war, fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese attempting to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force, in 413 BC. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from Persia, supported rebellions in Athens' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens' empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. The destruction of Athens' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year.

Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC[1] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia.[2] Its history occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods. Ancient Egypt reached its pinnacle during the New Kingdom, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period, and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended in 31 BC when the early Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province.[3]

The success of ancient Egyptian civilization stemmed partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River Valley. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which fueled social development and culture. With resources to spare, the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions, the early development of an independent writing system, the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects, trade with surrounding regions, and a military intended to defeat foreign enemies and assert Egyptian dominance. Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes, religious leaders, and administrators under the control of a pharaoh who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.

MIDDLE AGE TIMES

The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval or mediæval) is a period of European history from the 5th century through the 15th century. The period followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and preceded the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period in a three-period division of history: Classical, Medieval, and Modern. The term "Middle Ages" (medium aevum) was coined in the 15th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path supposedly reconnected by Renaissance scholarship.




The Early Middle Ages saw the continuation of trends set in Late Antiquity, depopulation, deurbanization, and increased barbarian invasion. North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire, were conquered by Islam. Later in the period, the establishment of the feudal system allowed a return to systemic agriculture. There was sustained urbanization in northern and western Europe. The influence of the Catholic Church was greatest during the High Middle Ages (c. 1000 - 1300), when Christian-oriented art and architecture flourished and Crusades were mounted to recapture the Holy Land. The ethic of chivalry appealed to the knights, or professional warriors, while courtly love provided rules for courtship.

AUSTRIAIAN- HUNGARIAN EMPIRE

The Austrian Empire (German: Kaisertum Österreich) was a modern era successor empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria–Hungary, which was proclaimed after declaring the Emperor of Austria also King of Hungary, a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 to 1918) was itself dissolved by the victors at the end of World War I and broken into separate new states.




The term "Austrian Empire" is also used for the Habsburg possessions before 1804, which had no official collective name, although Austria is more frequent; the term of Austria–Hungary has also been used.



The Austrian Empire was founded by the Habsburg monarch Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (who became Emperor Francis I of Austria), as a state comprising his personal lands within and outside of the Holy Roman Empire.



This was a reaction to Napoleon Bonaparte's proclamation of the First French Empire in 1804.



Austria and some parts of the Holy Roman Empire then took the field against France and its German allies during the Third Coalition which led to the crushing defeat at Austerlitz in early December 1805. By the fourth of that same month, a cease fire was in place and peace talks were being conducted nearby.

ROMAN ARMIES CAMPAINS AND BATTLES EXTRA

The worst deafeats for Rome were Teutoburg forest near saxony. And Cannae in southern Italy where a much smaller Cathaginean army crushed them. Carrae in persia (modern day iran or iraq) .

ALEXANDER THE GREAT EXTRA

He is the most celebrated member of the Argead Dynasty and created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander received a classical Greek education under the tutorship of famed philosopher Aristotle, succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the throne in 336 BC after the King was assassinated, and died thirteen years later at the age of 32. Although both Alexander's reign and empire were short-lived, the cultural impact of his conquests lasted for centuries. Alexander was known to be undefeated in battle and is considered one of the most successful commanders of all time.[1] He is one of the most famous figures of antiquity, and is remembered for his tactical ability, his conquests, and for spreading Greek culture into the East (marking the beginning of Hellenistic civilization).




Philip had brought most of the city-states of mainland Greece under Macedonian hegemony, using both military and diplomatic means. Upon Philip's death, Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. He succeeded in being awarded the generalship of Greece and, with his authority firmly established, launched the military plans for expansion left by his father. He invaded Persian-ruled Asia Minor, and began a series of campaigns lasting ten years. Alexander repeatedly defeated the Persians in battle; marched through Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Bactria; and in the process he overthrew the Persian king Darius III and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire.ii[›] Following his desire to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea", he invaded India, but was eventually forced to turn back by the near-mutiny of his troops, who were tired of war.

ZULU WARRIORS

This a Zulu warrior they were from SOUTH AFRICA.

AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

The American war of independence was set in eastern America it was beetween them and britain

NAPOELEON BANOPARTE

Napoeleon was born inCORSICA he ruled a large empire as shown here.

Atilla the Hun

This the empire of Attila the hun he attached the GERMANS AND THE ROMAN EMPIRES ALOT.

THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT

This is a map of the battle of AGINCOURT .It was beetween Henry v and Chales d albret the french had 30,000 men the english had 15 000 in result the french were crushed beacause of the english longbowmen

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

This is ALEXANDERS THE GREATS EMPIRE

THE BRITISH EMPIRE

This is the BRITISH EMPIRE

SPARTACUS

This is spartacus

mughal empire

This is a map of the  Mughal empire in India ....They started war against the MARATHAS CONFRENCY in the end .The Mughals were deafeated by Marathas.

MONGOLS

This the mongol empire under genghis khan his .Empire steched from korea and hungary

THE 2 CRUSADE

This is a crusader castle, crusaders were knights going to the holy land.There were 8 crusades the 1 crusade was succesful .But the 2 was not jeruselem was taken saladin sultan of syria and egypt his army of 200,000 men won jeruselem. Balian was defender of jeruselem his dad godefrey had died from a arrow in his ribs

aztecs

Aztec were one tribe  from Mexico. They ruled a big empire until it colapped because they were invaded by Spanish Soidiers led by Hernon cortez . Spain only had 250 men and 16 Horses plus 10 Cannons. The Aztecs had 200,000 men the Aztecs had never seen Calvery Guns or Cannons before so that helped. In result the Spainish crushed the Aztecs and carried on conqeuring south america.

BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR

The battle of Trafalgar was fought in 21 oCTOber 1805.  It was between France, Britain, Spain.  Lord Horatio Nelson was the best admiral Britain ever had.  He won at Copenhagen in 1801, Cape st Vincent in 1797 and at the battle of the Nile (Aboukir Bay)in 1798.  He died at Trafalgar.  Even though he won the battle, he died getting hit by a french sniper not far away.  He is still remembered today there is a statue of him at Trafalgar Square in London.

battle of thermople

the battle of Thermoplae was between Xerxes of Persia and Lenidas of Sparta .Sparta had 300 men Persia had 200,000 thousand .At first Spata was winning until a traitor told the Persians a path that they could use to attack from behind Lenidas fought to the death.

viking warriors

Viking warriors never wore horns on thier helmets that is a myth. They sailed to Istanbul Canada china and newfoundland. they often raided churches for loot and tresure such as lindesfarne of the coast of northumbria. some viking kings had names like forkbeard bloodaxe barelegs oaf and stinky

1700 hundreds empire rule

britain france austria prussia ottamans russians swedish dutch and spain wanted to have a huge empire britain got it first starting the british empire

native americans map

 cherrokee semmipole sioux pawnee pucho plain nations and inuits                                                                                     this is a map of  native american tribes such as the

roman legions prepare for battle

roman soldiers were the best army in the khown world they did'nt have guns then the main solders were legionaries calvery auxilary men including archers and spearmen there were 4 kinds of genrals centurion ;senior centurion; primus pilus;legate; 

spainish in the late15 and early 16 hundreds

this is the spanish armada it was sent to conquer england it had 140 ships  the english had 123 ships including the fireships   and dutch rebels what atacced from behind they were also khown as sea beggers after2 months the spanish withdrew back to spain the victory made queen elizebeth the 1 one of the most powerful rulers of the khown world